Photovoltaic Cell – What is PV Cell Explain and History
Solar photovoltaic cell – Introduction
Solar photovoltaic cell is a field that uses solar energy to convert solar radiation into electricity using a tool called a photovoltaic cell or solar cell.
A solar cell is made of semi-conductor materials such as silicon or gallium arsenide. When sunlight falls on these semi-conductor materials, electricity is generated.
The amount of electricity generated depends on the concentration of solar radiation, the size of the solar cell, the type of material and the ambient temperature. From a solar cell, only a small amount of electricity is available. For higher power, called photovoltaic modules.
Many solar cells can be connected in series and in parallel. You can rearrange these modules sequentially and in parallel to form photovoltaic arrays. These photovoltaic arrays are commonly used in solar photovoltaic plants.
History of photovoltaic
The first photovoltaic theory was invented in 1839 by Picard. Solar cells were developed in 1954 in the USA and the former Soviet Union. Since then, the technology has grown rapidly and was used as power to power aerospace spacecraft in the 1960s.
Due to a series of efforts in the 1970s, the photovoltaic system was used for both business and home use. During the same period, the PV system was upgraded in rural areas for power supply, refrigeration, water circulation and telecommunications.
This system became popular in the 1980s and was used as energy capital in calculators, watches, radio and battery applications. In India, the photovoltaic program began in 1976 Placed. Solar cells and modules for commercial use were manufactured by Central Electronic Limited (CEL) in 1983.
Photovoltaic (PV) in Silicon
The silicon Pv cell model is made up of a thin wafer consisting of a thin layer of ultra phosphorus – doped (N – type) silicon on top of a thick layer of boron – doped (P – type) silicon. When these two terminals touch, an electric field is created near the surface of the cell. Touching two terminals is called PN junction. When sunlight hits the surface of a PV cell, the electric field is light-shaped Provides driving force and direction to refreshing nourishing electrons.
As a result, when the solar cell is connected to an electrical load, electricity is in its path
Goes. Depending on the size, the silicon Pv cell model produces about 0.5 – 0.6 volts in the open circuit when there is no load. PV cells current output depends on the efficiency and size of the cell (surface area). And it is proportional to the amount of sunlight that falls on the surface of the cell.
For example, when the maximum amount of sunlight is available, 160cm? The model of a commercial PV cell with a surface area will generate about 2 watts of electricity. When the concentration of sunlight is 40% of the peak load, the cell generates about 0.8watts of electricity.
Two types of silicon are used in photovoltaic cells. They are pure crystalline silicon and amorphous silicon. Pure crystalline silicon became more Is classified into two types. They are
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