Principle Of Impulse Turbine and Reaction Turbine

In this article, we will learn about the Principle Of Impulse Turbine and Reaction Turbine.

Principle of an impulse turbine:

Impulse turbines are converted to hydraulic energy (kinetic energy) entirely by the nozzle. Then this high-speed jet crashes into the buckets that are attached to the wheel’s orbit. Buckets change the direction of the jet at the same pressure, causing the wheel to rotate due to the momentum variation.

Gourmi turbine shafts derive mechanical energy. Water pressure from runners or buckets decreases and eventually causes atmospheric pressure. Although the water from the blades is exposed to atmospheric pressure, there is no need to close the blades with the anaerobic casing, although casing is used for the following reasons.

Impulse turbine and Reaction turbine

1. To prevent water from spraying
2. Act as a guide to bring water to the tailrace
3. To prevent any object from falling into the blades

Some variants of the Impulse turbine are:

Pelton wheel, Turbo impulse wheel, Banki turbine, Joval turbine, etc. At present, the Pelton wheel is heavily used

Principle of a Reaction Turbine:

Reaction turbines, part of hydraulic energy, are converted into kinetic energy before the water enters the runner. The remaining hydraulic energy is in the form of pressure. The water is then pumped through the runner.

Now, the remaining hydraulic energy is turned into kinetic energy. Thus, when the water enters the runner, its velocity and pressure vary simultaneously. Finally, it leaves the turbine slightly lower than atmospheric pressure. As the water moves from the inlet to the outlet at high pressure, the blade or runner must be placed in the casing to prevent airflow.

Impulse turbine and Reaction turbine

The operation of the Reaction turbine is shown. The water from the reservoir enters the runner (disc) through the hollow shaft. The disc is in the nozzle shape with four radial openings.

When the water from the Reservoir passes through the disc, most of the pressure energy is converted into kinetic energy and injected through the nozzle. The rest of the pressure energy changes as the kinetic energy flows through the nozzle and the speed of the rotating disc. This causes the reaction force to rotate the disc and shaft against the direction of the jet of water.

Reaction turbine:

Francis turbines, Kaplan turbine, Thomson turbine, Fourneyron turbines, etc. Francis and Kaplan’s turbine is currently in high use.

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